Spatial variation refers to the variability or difference in characteristics or attributes across different locations or areas within a given space. This can include physical, environmental, social, economic, or other types of variables that change or differ from one place to another. Spatial variation is an important concept in various fields such as geography, ecology, environmental science, and urban planning, as it helps researchers understand patterns, trends, and relationships in data across different geographic locations. Researchers may use tools such as geographic information systems (GIS) or spatial analysis techniques to study spatial variation and make informed decisions based on their findings.